Россия
Россия
УДК 591.16 Размножение. Развитие. Оплодотворение
УДК 612 Физиология. Сравнительная физиология
Факторы окружающей среды, в том числе радиационной природы, могут оказывать неблагоприятное воздействие на мужское репродуктивное здоровье, поэтому необходимо своевременно оценивать состояние мужских половых клеток. В настоящее время существует настоятельная необходимость в поиске адекватных показателей и методов для оценки качества мужских гамет. Одним из таких надежных показателей мужской фертильности и качества спермы, который отражает целостность генетического материала, является уровень фрагментации ДНК сперматозоидов. В статье с использованием данных литературы рассмотрены причины, последствия и возможные механизмы, приводящие к фрагментации ДНК сперматозоидов у млекопитающих, а также проанализированы основные методы их детекции. Показана диагностическая значимость определения нарушений структуры хроматина при анализе мужского бесплодия и приведены результаты, полученные авторами, которые свидетельствуют о высокой чувствительности SCD-теста (анализ дисперсии хроматина сперматозоидов) при изучении фрагментации ДНК сперматозоидов у полевок-экономок (Alexandromys oeconomus Pall.) в условиях хронического воздействия ионизирующего излучения (доза 40 сГр). Таким образом, данные литературы и полученные нами результаты показали, что уровень фрагментации ДНК сперматозоидов является надежным биомаркером мужской фертильности, а SCD-тест может быть рекомендован в качестве чувствительного метода для оценки состояние мужских половых клеток в радиобиологических исследованиях.
сперматозоиды, фрагментация ДНК, методы детекции, SCD-тест, полевки-экономки, ионизирующее излучение
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